Sermon: Paths to the Top

This is a sermon presented to the UU Congregation at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, on Sept. 28, 2008.

Since the congregation is in an interim time, I offered to present (with the interim's approval) on the four varieties of spiritual practice that Peter Tufts Richardson developed. I invited them to add a small hand motion to the Joys and Concerns, 'from my heart out into the universe'; I mention this in the sermon.


It’s so good to be back in this space.
The last time I was here, my hands were sooty and my shirt was sweaty
as I helped my friend Mark Rosauer and several others of you
disembowel and dismantle the old pipe organ that was here.

In an odd way, that was a kind of spiritual experience.
I was glad to be included in the Tuesday morning spiritual practice group
They meet every week
to carry out various improvements to the church building.
The work is satisfying and
There is an easy camaraderie among those who do it
they come nearly every week to work together
compensated with donuts and cups of tea.

Let me assure you that there are many much larger churches
that would be hard pressed to put together even one work party
of a half dozen or more people for one project,
much less do it week after week.

For some of us, great emotional and even spiritual satisfaction
comes from that kind of consistent, devoted effort, week after week, year after year.
For others, spiritual experience comes in a flash,
some momentary event that truly reached down deep inside us,
and turned something, changed something .
Maybe it was a walk in great natural beauty,
or wonderful music, or reading profound poetry.

Whatever the source of such inspirational experiences,
I suspect most of us seek to repeat them,
to find what it is that opens us to them,
to find ways to deepen and better understand them;
and thus better understand the world we inhabit.

This is the essence of spiritual practice.
However we define spirit, the things we do,
be they working, hiking, singing, or meditating,
that carry us into place of inspiration are spiritual practices.

PRESENTATION OF THE MODEL
There's a well-known religious metaphor
that suggests we are each on a spiritual journey,
traveling up a great mountain.
There are numerous paths on that mountain,
paths that wind and cross, that lead mostly up,
but occasionally down and sometimes sideways.
Some paths are gentle and protected,
while others are exposed and treacherous.
But the point is that all these paths ultimately lead to the top,
to whatever it is that we consider ultimate in religious experience.

Most often we think of these distinct paths
as representing different beliefs,
the various theologies that co-exist in the religious landscape.
Here's the Catholic path, there's the Lutheran one,
over there a Buddhist path.
And how we bristle when a person or group
claims that their path is the 'one true path'
and all the others fail to reach the top!
For many of us, this brings up anger at such dogmatic exclusiveness.
For some, such dogmatism brings up sadness
as we recall our own, exclusivist religious upbringing,
and the effort it took us to shed those beliefs.

But there is another way to see these paths we follow to the top of the mountain.
Perhaps these journeys are more about practice than belief,
about what we do
rather than what we think or say.
But hard as it is to articulate our theological beliefs,
we often find it harder to find the words
to describe what spiritual practices touch us and inspire us.
We need a topographic map that points out these paths,
these Journeys, and gives them names.

SOURCE OF THE MODEL
How might we do this mapping?
How might we understand the varieties of spiritual experience?

Since we UUs tend to be rational scientific people,
it might make sense to organize and classify these experiences in some way.
Peter Tufts Richardson, a UU minister, does just this in his book,
Four Spiritualities: Expressions of Self, Expressions of Spirit.
He develops a model that suggests there are four broad types of spirituality,
although they are interrelated.
He suggests that our personality or worldview influences
which of these spiritual practices we will find most appealing.

Now Richardson does not pretend this is a new idea.
He melds an understanding of spiritual practices
from many of the great world religions
to frame his unifying model of four spiritual paths.

Richardson's model also combines these religious ideas
with two specific dimensions of Jungian psychology.
The first dimension is how we perceive the world.
Do we primarily perceive through our senses or through our intuition?
In other words, do we observe things with common sense,
or do we just know through hunches?
The second dimension is how we make decisions.
Do we make choices primarily by thinking things through
or by tapping into our feelings?
That is to say, do we lead with our head or our heart?
The two options in each of these two dimensions
generate the four spiritual Journeys
that we’ll examine shortly.

But before we do, let me note that these four quadrants
are closely related to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator ,
which many of you may be familiar with.
Myers Briggs is personality tool often used to study how people might work together.
We don’t have time to explore it more deeply today,
but I will mention it as we explore these spiritual types.
If you’re not familiar with Myers Briggs, I'd suggest a little internet research;
you can evaluate your 'type' on-line, and it can be quite revealing.

So, Richardson’s model outlines four pathways
through which we experience the realm of the spirit.
I'm going to spend a little time exploring each of the four Journeys,
and touching on how they relate to each other.
I think as we explore these pathways,
some of you may recognize yourselves
or maybe your friends or family.

THE FOUR PATHS
(Move to first location, equipped with a large book - open it to reading.)
The first path is called the Journey of Unity.
The Journey of Unity focuses on the great organizing principles of the universe.
What are the great questions, and what might the answers be?
The focus here tends to be an intellectual one,
with deep theological or philosophical explorations as part of the conversation.

People on this path perceive the world through their Intuition,
these are the folks who try to read between the lines, and consider future possibility.
They base their decision-making on Thinking;
that is on the head, depending on rationality, rather than the heart.
Followers of this particular path are a minority in the general population,
but they are significant in Unitarian Universalist communities.
Our worship experiences reflect this. We love discussion groups.
In most UU churches, the sermon is the center-point of the worship, with academic quality talks, carefully prepared, even down to the footnotes.
Does this sound familiar? (hands)

(Move to next location, a carafe, and pour a cup: “Regular or Decaf?”)
The second path is the Journey of Works.
The people in the Journey of Works are focused on getting things done.
This is where the Tuesday work crew that removed the organ comes in.
These are responsible people with a job to do.
People here are head oriented, reasoning things out,
and they see the world as it is now, through their senses.
They see what is missing, or what is not working, and move to fix it.

They prefer to have rules, they love tradition,
and they want people to follow the rules and respect the tradition.
Tradition and rules are important here,
but that doesn't mean that people on the journey of works are necessarily conservative.
In fact, I'd suspect that in our congregations,
many of the folks on the front lines of social justice work
would say they are on the Journey of Works.

(Move to the next location, equipped with a votive candle - light it.)
The third path is the Journey of Devotion.
This path is about ritual: lighting candles, reciting the words,
singing familiar hymns, joyful celebrations, these are all important.
Repetition, symbolism and stories are important,
especially stories about heroic people from our past.

This is one of the two heart-centered Journeys, and we see a subtle shift,
to the realm of emotional response in spirituality and worship.
Like the Journey of Works, those on this journey are focused on the here and now,
but the focus is on the ritual or the experience itself.
The Journey of Devotion is well represented in larger society,
but I think it is less represented in Unitarian Universalist communities.
I think our history in the radical side of the Protestant dissenting traditions
caused us to be leery of ritual for a long time.

(Move to the final location, equipped with a singing bowl - sound the bowl.)
The fourth path is the Journey of Harmony.
This is the realm of the mystics,
of those who have a sense that the world is not fully revealed to us,
but who get glimpses of the ultimate reality that they struggle to put into words.
Meditation and silence are key elements of spiritual practice for those on this path.
This particular path merges the Intuitive ways of knowing the world
with decision-making based on Feeling, on the heart.

In our Unitarian history, the Journey of Harmony
flowered most profusely in the Transcendentalist movement.
When you read the works of the Transcendentalists like Emerson or Parker,
you struggle to understand what they are saying,
because they struggled to find words for their newly felt experiences of the divine. Everything is connected, god inside us and all around us, knowing oneself,
these were all difficult concepts that to some degree have to be lived to be understood. And we live them through turning inward.

(Move to center of space)
So I want to ask you to choose:
which of these paths best fits your own personal spiritual nature?
If you feel comfortable doing so, I’d like to ask you to stand and remain standing,
as I call out these paths. (Hold up the objects as the types are named)
Let’s start with Journey of Unity, seeking the answers?
Journey of Works, getting things done?
How about Journey of Devotion, who love ritual?
Journey of Harmony, lovers of mystery?
Look around!

(Return to lectern)
If some of you struggled to choose just one path, that's good!
I think a well-developed spiritual life should draw practice from each of these paths.
I know that for me, the Journey of Harmony is most natural path.
I find daily meditation an easy practice.
But I try to engage the other paths, through reading, improv movement,
and working in stained glass.
Perhaps you might want to explore what spiritual practices might broaden your horizons.

COMMUNITY
Now that we understand a little more about our individual spiritual journeys,
how can we apply them to our communal worship life?
A congregation develops a spiritual “style” just as surely as individuals do.
Our worship may emphasize great preaching,
or maybe well executed drama or ritual,
or silence and meditative music.
But we should also ask, is there enough balance for everyone?

I recently read an article about a man who finally understood his discontent
with his long-time family church -- he was of one spiritual type
and the church was strongly opposite that type.
His longtime family ties kept him at that church,
but he understood that he needed to fill some of his spiritual needs in other ways.

Once a congregation understands its own worship style,
it can make changes in its style to better provide for people on the other paths.
Changes to the typical order of the Sunday morning worship,
or to the music program, might be called for.
Or, maybe separate worship groups, like meditation groups
or small group ministries, or discussion forums are needed.

We explored such a change briefly today,
by modifying the joys and sorrows slightly.
We added a simple body movement,
a small communal ritual.
How did that make you feel?
Even small experiments like that can reveal much.

REINTEGRATION
This little exercise we did today
– when you stood up as I named the four Journeys –
brings up deeper issues around identity and belonging.
I'm sure you were curious when your friends stood up!
By more or less artificially segmenting ourselves into these four categories,
we create new identities and labels for ourselves.
Such labeling can be helpful if it serves
to deepen our understanding of one another and ourselves.
Such identities are valuable if they urge us to greater wholeness and balance,
and if they instill a greater compassion for those who are different from us.
Ultimately, if we do that compassionate work,
we find we can put the labels aside,
and see that our identities are less important than realizing that
we are all on the same journey.

In that ancient Hindu text, the Bhagavad-Gita, chapter 12,
the human protagonist Arjuna questions the god Krishna
about achieving enlightenment and eternal life,
and asks, 'which way is swift and sure, love or knowledge?'.
Krishna answers in much detail, finally noting in chapter 13:

Some by the path of meditation,
and by the grace of the spirit,
see the spirit in themselves;

some by the path of the vision of truth,
and others by the path of work.

And yet there are others who do not know,
but hear from others and adore.

They also cross beyond death,
because of their devotion to words of the truth.

And we see that all of these spiritual journeys
lead to the same unknowable and mysterious end.
May we be cognizant of this truth
both in our individual spiritual lives
as we live together in this gathered community.

Picture from UU Congregation Eau Claire.